「三教合一」與金代園林美學
詹杭倫青 |
| 「儒釋道」三教合一哲學思潮源起於我國唐代之前，而盛行於宋代和金代。本文結合「三教合一」的哲理背景及其園林藝術觀念史，探討金代園林美學的一對理論命題：「心隨境移」與「心定境從」。通過這一探討，本文闡明了在園林審美之中，審美主體之心境與客觀外界之環境之間存在著一種互動的機制，並進而揭示出中國士人具有一種用禪宗智慧來融合儒、道理念的理論思維模式。換言之，士大夫不一定是虔誠的佛教徒或道士，但是，信仰的取向並不妨礙他們自覺和嫻熟地運用佛、道的思想和智慧。金代的園林美學為理解中國士人獨特的思維模式提供了一個上佳的範例。全文分「命題之提出」、「命題之淵源」、「命題之深化」和「命題之影響」等四個部分。 |
The Trinity philosophy & The Gardens aesthetics of the Jin Dynasty
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The philosophical Trinity that merged Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism
originated before Tang Dynasty and became popular in Song and Jin Dynasty.
In the light of the Trinity philosophy and the history of garden
aesthetics, this article examines the theme: “The mind changes with the
environment but the environment will remain static if the mind remains
tranquil”, and argues that these is an interactive mechanism between the
subjective aesthetic ego and the objective outer world in the appreciation
of garden beauty. The article further argues that traditional scholars in
China showed a particular thinking pattern that employed the wisdom of Zen
Buddhism to merge the theories of Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism. In
other words, the traditional scholars may not be pious Buddhists or
Taoists, but this would not hinder them from using the ideas and wisdom of
Buddhism and Taoism consciously and effectively. The garden aesthetics of
Jin Dynasty is the best window for us to see the particular thinking
pattern of the Chinese traditional scholars. The article has four parts:
1) the proposal of the theme; 2) the origin of the theme; 3) the
development of the theme and 4) the impact of the theme. |